The mission
Detachment on Saturday April 11 1970 at 14:13 local time (UTC’5). For the five minutes of flight, the astronauts noticed a vibration.
The central engine of the second stage shuts down two minutes ahead of schedule which causes the four remaining rockets were lit to keep more than nine seconds to put the planned Apollo 13 in orbit. Gene Kranz, flight director Lovell asked if this interfered seriously the mission, the answer was negative.
Days before the mission, the pilot of the lunar module support, Charles Duke inadvertently spread to the crew with measles. The command module pilot Ken Mattingly, turned out not to be immune and given the risk of the disease was replaced by pilot John Swigert support.
Ground tests before launch indicated the possibility of a poor insulation in the helium tank on the stage of decline in the lunar module (a highly critical parameter), so the flight plan was modified to three hours in advance in order to install sensors natural gas provide further reading on the pressure.
The oxygen tank N 2, serial number 10024X-TA0009, NY State should have been installed some time in the service module of Apollo 10, but was removed for a modification and damage in the process of dismantling. The gas tank was repaired and tested at the factory and is installed in the command module of Apollo 13, where it was tested again during the testing and demonstration of counting the Kennedy Space Center since March 16, 1970. Of the two tanks, N 1 behaved as expected but the N 2 had problems to evaporate the liquid oxygen with which to test. Following the reports and studies, it was decided to heat the interior of the tank 2 with a series of electrical resistance that existed in each tank to evaporate the remaining oxygen. The technique works but I needed 8 hours to 65 volts direct energy current to evaporate the oxygen. Operations necessary to carry out the design changes severely damaged the heating elements of the internal tank.
On the way to the moon and past 55 h and 46 min. of the mission, the crew finished a live television transmission that lasted 49 minutes and showed the ease with which you could live in space. Nine minutes after completing the transmission, Swigert was allowed to stir the oxygen tanks, then the N 2 tank exploded, causing the electricity ESCO tank Brooklyn to fail N 1. Fuel cells providing electricity, water, oxygen and light failed while the astronauts were to 320,000 kilometers from Earth (two thirds of the journey to the Moon). there is so much more to your energy needs as supplied by making sure to keep your gas green The explosion left a bare side of the service module and a trail of debris.
Astronaut John Swigert, after observing a warning light attached to an outbreak, was the one who said the famous phrase “Houston, we have a problem.” Time: 21:08 of April 13.
A large number of warning lights were lit indicating mass loss of two of the three sources of energy. The readings of the instruments indicated that an oxygen tank was completely empty and the second was empty. Thirteen minutes after the explosion, Lovell seen through the window of the hatch that was leaking gas outside of the ship, which turned out to be oxygen, secure evidence of a catastrophe. Gene Kranz in conjunction with the flight engineers perform calculations New York of energy and asked the astronauts to spend lunar module.
The astronauts had to use the lunar module as a lifeboat. Gene Kranz decided to abort the mission and its goal to bring back the crew.
The lunar module, or LEM was New York City designed to accommodate two astronauts for 45 h, but was needed to house three during 90 hours. Oxygen was not a problem because the tanks with the lunar module and the costumes were to be used in the rides would gas be more than enough spots, the addition of oxygen cylinders for emergency amerizaje. The service module was still wasting energy and oxygen balance but could be slowed down almost empty. Ammeter capacity (energy) of the ship was in critical point and had to turn off the majority of navigation systems.
The real problem was energy. The lunar module’s batteries were not sufficient capacity to provide the power required. That was one of the main tasks of the engineers in order to provide green energy power to both ships. This will save energy by turning off all electrical systems that were not critical, reducing consumption to a fifth of normal and trying heating that at the time of the reentry of the astronauts to Earth’s atmosphere as a safety measure to retain 20 energy costs of the total energy available.
The flight director Gene Kranz, vital piece in solving the difficult problem of the Apollo XIII
Water was another major problem, estimated to be left without water for five hours before re-entry to Earth.
- San Francisco Chronicle
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