History With
History With the advent of the welfare state in Europe and populism in Latin America after World War II, it became very common expropriation or nationalization of private companies that went public in orbit, until the mid 70s of the twentieth century occurred in almost every country in the world large numbers of public enterprises under the State called an entrepreneur. In countries with a socialist economic system and a planned economy, as was the Soviet Union and it is Cuba, the state controls the entire economy or much of it, so that virtually any company’s existing state. However, just as they say that public companies seek the good of society, are targets of criticism from economic orthodoxy and the neoliberal doctrine, which describes them as inefficient by nature, because of the administrative bureaucracy and lack encouragement of employees, considering that competition also improves productivity.With the rise of this set of theories in the late ’70s and its subsequent dominance in the ’80s and ’90s, many former state enterprises were privatized and turned into private companies, leading to the so-called free market. Latin America and Eastern Europe after the dissolution of the Soviet Union were a testing ground for privatization, promoted by the IMF and WTO, among other international agencies. However, there were differences in the degree of privatization of the economy across countries. While in Argentina the state enterprises were almost all sold or dissolved, as Argentine railroads and the oil company YPF. Her neighbor Eastern Republic of Uruguay maintained a large number of them, such as telephone ANTEL, UTE electricity, water and sanitation and oil company ANCAP SBI, are enshrined in the Constitution in the name of autonomous entities and decentralized services, and are often monopoly.In some countries like New Zealand were corporatized, ie remained state property on the company but its operation is self-sufficient in form like a ordinary private enterprise. Most European countries the state retains many companies such as British or Spanish RENFE British Railways, the latter with the particularity of being privatized and then reestatizada. For structural reasons, most African countries also retained public enterprises. In the United States public companies were always short, so that the advance of neoliberalism as an economic doctrine did not involve many changes. Today, especially in Latin American countries, is experiencing a slight turn to the state economy. Examples could be the re-nationalization of the Venezuelan oil company PDVSA and Argentina Correo Argentino, a descendant of the ancient Encotel. thanks for reading my story.
